A processor is an Integrated electronic circuit that responds to and process the basic instructions on behalf of Programs that device a computer. Now a days processor in known as CPU (Central Processing Unit).
A processor performs arithmetical, logical, input/ output (1/0) snd other basic instructions that are passed from an operating system (OS).
The cpu is seen as the main and most crucial IC (Integrated circuitry) chip in a computer as it is responsible for interpreting most of computer commands.
The graphics processing unit (GPU) is another processor, and even some Hard-drive are technically capable of performing some processing.
Processor are the brains behind a computer. They control the logic that performs calculations and run programs on your computer
Now a days in market that two main computers are INTEL and AMD.
A processor includes an arithmetical logic and control unit (CU) which measures capability in terms of the following.
1. Ability to process instructions at a given time.
2. Maximum number of bits / instructions.
3. Relative clock speed.
Each processor is constituted of one or more individual processing units called ‘cores’ each core process instructions for a single computer task ar a certain speed defined as “clock speed “. It is measured in gigahertz (GHZ).
The Basic elements of a processor
There are four basic elements
1. ALU – The Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU), which carries out Arithmetic and Logic operations. It operates with integre numbers which are whole numbers.
2. FPU – The Floating Point Unit (FPU), also known as a math co processor or numeric co processor. It manipulates numbers, which are numbers that include a decimal.
3. Registers – The registers hold instructions and other data. It tell the ALU what processes to carry out and stores the results of those operations.
4. L1 and L2 cache memory – Caches are small and fast memories that store copies of data for frequent use and act similarly to a RAM (Random Access Memory).
FUNCTIONS Of CPU
The basic functions of processor are given below.
Fetch – I is the operation which receives instructions from program memory from a systems RAM.
Decode – A decoder converts the instruction into signals to the other components of the computer.
Execute – It is where the operation is performed. Each part of the cpu that is needed is activated to carry out the instructions.
TYPES OF PROCESSOR
There are two main types of processors are 32-bit snd 64-bit. The number refer to how many bits can be sent at the same time between different part of the cpu. The different types of processors are :-
1. Microprocessor.
2. Microcontroller.
3. Embedded Processor.
4. Digital Signal Processor.
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